IT Course in Nepal -BICT Blog || Complete Guide for IT Students



 Unit I: Math and Math Education (3)

1.1          Mathematics and mathematics   education

1.2          Nature of mathematics and mathematics education

1.3          Difference between mathematics and mathematics education

 

Unit II: Different Learning Theories         (5)

2.1 Cognitive  theories of learning mathematics:

             Piaget’s learning theory

             Bruner’s learning theory

             Gagne’s learning theory

2.2  Implications of different learning theories.

Unit III: Formulation of Instructional Objectives (8)

3.1.Introduction to goals and objectives

3.2Instructional objectives and their  classification based on Bloom`s taxonomy

3.3Writing instructional objectives

Unit IV: Instructional Planning     (8 )

4.1 Introduction

4.2Types of planning

4.3 Importance of planning

4.4  Preparing different types of plans

             Annual Plan

             Unit Plan

             Lesson Plan

Unit V: Instructional Strategies (10)

5.1Problems of instruction in mathematics

             Understanding,

             Assimilation,

             Permanence

             Tansfer

5.2 Different teaching methods used under different instructional strategies in mathematics classroom

             Lecture

             Laboratory

             Inductive

             Deductive

             Analytic

             Deductive

             Problem solving

             Guided discovery

             Project method

 

 

Unit VI: Evaluation (6)

6.1Traditional vs alternative assessment

             Formative assessment

             Challenges of formative assessment

             Suggestions for improvement of formative assessment.

             Summative assessment and its use

 

 

6.2 Measurement and evaluation

             Meaning

             Types

             Comparison

6.3Different types of tests

             Achievement test

             Diagnostic test

 

Unit VII: Teaching Selected topics of different branches of mathematics   (8)

             Arithmetic

             Algebra

             Geometry


 Unit- I Relations and Digraph  (9 hrs)

1.1          Product set and partitions

1.2          Binary relations and its types

1.3          Different methods  representing

 relations.

             Relation as an order pairs

             Relations as matrix

             Relations as  directed graphs

             Relations as an arrow  diagram

             Relations as graph         

                1.4          Properties of relations:

             Reflexive,

             Symmetric

             Asymmetric

             Transitive

             Equivalence relation

             Partial order relations

1.5          Boolean matrix representation of

             Relations

             Boolean matrix operation

             Boolean products 

1.6          Composition of two relations

1.7        Operation on relations

1.8        Transitive closure and Warshall’s

             algorithm

 

Unit  II  Counting and Combinatories  ( 7 hrs)

               

2.1.Introduction  

2.2 Basic principles of counting

             Sum rule principle

             Product rule principle

2.3 Permutation of n- different objects

            2.4 Combination

2.5 The pigeonhole principle

2.6 The extended pigeonhole principle

 

 

 

 

Unit III The Fundamental Algorithms, and Matrices (9 hrs)

3.1          Algorithms

3.2          Complexity of algorithm

             Time complexity

             Understanding the Complexity of algorithm.

3.3          Searching algorithm:

             Linear search

             Binary search

3.4          Sorting

             Bubble sort

             Insertion sort

3.5          Matrices

             Matrix arithmetic

             Transpose of matrix

             Power of matrices

 

Unit- IV Recursion on Sequence and Series (8 hrs)

 

4.1  Introduction

4.2 Sequence and summations

             Arithmetic progression

             Geometric progression

             Harmonic progression

             Relations and properties 

             Recurrence relations

             Use of series on summation notation

4.3   Solutions for recursive relations

4.4 Recursive algorithm, recursion and iteration, the merge sort. 

4.5   Recursively defined functions

 

Unit : V Special Types of Functions (6 hrs)

 

5.1 Floor and ceiling function

5.2 Characteristics functions

5.3 Integer value functions

5.4 Remainder function: modular arithmetic

5.5 Factorial function

 

 

Unit- VI  Geometric Transformation ( 9 hrs)

6.1 Geometric properties of plane linear  

       transformation

6.2  Isometric transformation

             Reflection

             Translation

             Half turn

             Rotation

             Glide Reflection

6.3 Non isometric transformation

             Dilation

             Stretch

             Shear

6.4 Matrix representation of isometric and

non- isometric transformations

 


 

Unit I: Introduction to AI                          (10)

1.1          Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

1.2          Brief history of AI,

1.3          Applications of Artificial Intelligence,

1.4          Definition and importance of Knowledge,

1.5          Learning Agent and it’s performance measure

1.6          Problems Definition, Real life problems and well-defined problem

Unit II: Search Techniques                          (20)

1.1          Uninformed search techniques: depth first search, breadth first search, depth limit search, Iterative deepening search,

1.2          Heuristics search techniques: Greedy Best first search, A* search, Hill Climbing, Game playing, Adversarial search techniques-mini-max procedure, alpha beta pruning

 

Unit III: Knowledge, Reasoning and Planning                       (20)

3.1          Formal logic-connectives: truth tables, syntax, semantics, tautology, validity, well-formed-formula,

3.1          Propositional Logic, Inference with PL: Resolution, Backward Chaining and Forward Chaining,

3.1          First Order Predicate Logic(FOPL), quantification,  inference with FOPL: By converting into PL (Existential and universal instantiation), Directly with FOPL (unification and lifting, resolution Backward chaining, Forward Chaining),

3.1          Rule based deduction system,

3.1          Statistical Reasoning-Probability and Bayes' theorem and causal networks, reasoning in belief network

Unit IV: Structured Knowledge Representation       (10)

4.1          Representations and Mappings,

4.2          Approaches to Knowledge Representation, Issues in Knowledge Representation,

4.3          Semantic nets, frames,

4.4          conceptual dependencies and scripts                       

Unit V: Application of AI system in education                   (20)   

5.1          Expert Systems (Architecture, Expert system development process),

5.2          Application of Expert system in education

5.3          Neural Network (Mathematical model, get realization, Network structure)

5.4          Application of Neural Network in education

5.5          Natural Language Processing (Steps of NLP, parsing)

5.6          Application of NLP in education

5.7          Basic Concepts of Machine Learning and Visioning

5.8          Application of Machine Learning in education


 1.            Introduction

    1.1          Computer Security Concept

    1.2          The OSI Security Architecture

    1.3          Security Attacks

    1.4          Security Services

    1.5          Security Mechanism

    1.6          A Model for Network Security

    1.7          Classical cryptography

2.            Symmetric Encryption and message Confidentiality

    2.1          Symmetric Encryption Principles

    2.2          Symmetric Block Encryption Algorithms

    2.3          Cipher Block Modes of Operations

3.            Public-Key Cryptography and Message Digest

    3.1          Secure Hash functions

    3.2          Message Digest(MD)

    3.3          Public-Key Cryptography Principles

    3.4          Public-Key Cryptography Algorithms

    3.5          Digital Signatures

4.            Network Security Applications

    4.1          Public-Key Infrastructure

    4.2          Transport Layer Security: SSL, HTTPs, Secure Shell(SSH)

    4.3          Wireless Security: WEP, WAP, WPA2

    4.4          E-Mail Security: PGP, S/MIME

    4.5          IP Security

5.            System Security

    5.1          Intruders

    5.2          Malicious Software

    5.3          Firewall

6.            Network management Security

    6.1          Basic Concept of SNMP

    6.2          SNMPv1

    6.3          SNMPv3


 

Unit 1: Introduction to Pedagogy           (5)

1.1        Meaning of pedagogy  

1.2        Behaviorist, cognitivist, constructivist theories of learning

1.3        Teacher centered and student centered

1.4        Inclusive methods

Unit 2: Teacher, Learners and Classroom  (7)                                            

2.1       Teacher

2.1.1    Qualities of a good teacher

2.1.2    Teacher in interactive  classroom

2.2       Learners

2.2.1    Learning style

2.2.2    Diversity

2.3       Classroom ecology

2.3.1    Concept: physical and non-physical aspects

2.3.2    Seating arrangement

2.3.3    Classroom display

2.3.4    Class organization: Subject, Grade, Multi-grade multi-level (MGML)

Unit 3: Instructional planning                  (4)                  

3.1       Need for plan and lesson structuring: preparatory, delivery and consolidation

3.2       Types of plans – Annual, unit and daily

3.3       Individualized education plan

 

Unit 4: Teacher Centered Methods          (5 )

4.1  Direct instruction

4.2  Concept teaching

4.3  Presenting and explaining

4.4  Preparation of  sample lesson plan

 

 

 

Unit 5: Student Centered methods          (20)

5.1       Learner engaged learning category

5.1.1    Concept

5.1.2    Strategies: Brainstorming, Think Pair Share, Directed Reading Activity, Prediction from Terms, Direct Listening Thinking Activity, Text Coding, Know Want to Learn Know – KWL, What? So what? Now what?, Verbalized Learning, Learning Stations

5.2       Cooperative learning category

5.2.1    Concept

5.2.2    Strategies: Paired Reading Paired Summarizing, Reciprocal Teaching, Read Summarize Question, Jigsaw, One Stay Others Stray, Mix Freeze Pair, Pens in the Middle, Pyramid Learning, Paragraph Expert, Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD)

5.3       Problem-based Learning category

5.3.1    Concept

5.3.2    Strategies: Identify Define Explore Act Look (IDEAL), Defining Understanding Planning Evaluating (DUPE), I-Search, Socratic Questioning

Unit 6: Review and Reflection              (7)

6.1       Concept

6.2       Strategies: Question Answer pair, Classify Categorize Organize, Relay, Guess Who?, Two Truths and A Lie, Snowballing, Question ball and Run to the Board

6.3       Reflective approaches


 

Unit 1: Computations and Errors   (3)

1.1.      Significant digits

1.2.      Errors

1.3.      General error formula

1.4.      Error in a series approximation

Unit 2: Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations     (8)

2.1.      Linear equations

2.2.      Graphical solution of equations

2.3.      Bisection method

2.4.      The method of false position

2.5.      Iteration method

2.6.      Newton – Raphson method

2.7.      General Newton’s formula for multiple roots

2.8.      Muller’s method

Unit 3: Solution of Linear Simultaneous Equations   (6)

3.1       Gauss elimination method

3.2       Gauss – Jordan method

3.3       Jacobi – Iteration method

3.4       Gauss – Seidel iteration method

3.5.      Matrix inversion method

3.6       Factorization method

3.7       Iteration method

3.8       Partition method

 

Unit 4: Finite differences     (4)

4.1.      Forward difference operator

4.2.      Forward difference table

4.3.      The operator E

4.4.      Relation between the operator E and D

4.5.      The operator D

4.6.      Backward difference table

4.7.      Factorial polynomial

Unit 5 Central differences    (4)

5.1.      Central difference operator

5.2.      Central difference table

5.3.      Mean operator

5.4.      Relationship between operators D, Ñ, E, μ and d

 

Unit 6: Interpolation with Equal Intervals            (5)

6.1.      Newton-Gregory forward interpolation formula

6.2.      Newton-Gregory backward interpolation formula

6.3.      Error in the interpolation formula

Unit 7: Interpolation with Un-equal Intervals       (5)

7.1.      Linear interpolation

7.2.      Quadratic interpolation

7.3.      Divide differences

7.4.      Second divided difference

7.5.      Relation between divided and ordinary differences

Unit 8: Central difference Interpolation (8)

8.1.      Gauss’ forward interpolation formula

8.2.      Gauss’ backward interpolation formula

8.3.      Bessel’s formula

8.4.      Stirling’s formula

 

Unit 9: Numerical Differentiation   (4)

9.1       Numerical differentiation

9.2.      Derivative using forward difference formula

9.3.      Derivative using backward difference formula

9.4.      Derivative using central difference formula

 

Unit 10: Numerical Integration       (5)

10.1     General quadrature formula for equidistant ordinates

10.2     Trapezoidal rule

10.3     Simpson’s One –Third rule

10.4     Simpson’s Three – Eight rule

10.5     Bool’s rule

10.6     Weddle’s rule

10.7     Errors in quadrature formula

10.8     Newton Cote’s formula

10.9     Deductions from Cote’s formula

10.10   Double integration

 


 Contents

Unit 1: Software and software engineering           (8)

1.1.        Introduction to software

1.2.         Evolving role of software

1.3.         Program Vs software

1.4.         Characteristics of software

1.5.         Types of software

1.6.         Generic view of software engineering

1.7.         Software process and software process model.

1.8.         Myth and Ethics on software engineering.

 

Unit 2: Software development process models   (8)

2.1.         Waterfall model and enhance waterfall model

2.2.         Incremental process models

2.3.         Rapid application development

2.4.         Prototype and spiral model

2.5.         Spiral process model

2.6.         Rational unified process model

2.7.         Agile model: XP and Scrum

 

Unit 3: Software requirement specification          (8)

3.1          Software requirement and its types

3.2          Requirement engineering

3.3          Requirement elicitation

3.4          Requirement analysis

3.5          Requirement documentation and validation

3.6          Requirement management

3.7          SRS documents

 

Unit IV: Software project management (20)

4.1.         Software project

4.2.         Activities in project management

4.3.         Software project planning

4.4.         Software project management plan

4.5.         Software project scheduling and techniques

4.6.         Software project team management and organization

4.7.         Project estimation techniques: COCOMO model

4.8.         Risk analysis and management

4.9.         Risk management process

 

Unit 5 Software design  (8)

5.1.         Design framework

5.2.         Software design models

5.3.         Design process

5.4.         Architecture design

5.5.         Low level design

5.6.         Coupling and cohesion

5.7.         Software design strategies

5.8.         Function oriented design

5.9.         Object oriented design

5.10.      Function oriented design Vs Object oriented design

 

Unit 6: Software measurement and metrics          (8)

6.1.         Software measurement

6.2.         Software metrics

6.3.         Control flow graph

6.4.         Cyclomatic complexity

6.5.         Object oriented matrices

6.6.         Lossless Decomposition

 

Unit 7: Configuration Management          (8)

7.1.         Software configuration management

7.2.         Software change management

7.3.         Version and release management

7.4.         Need for software maintenance

7.5.         Types of software maintenance

7.6.         Software maintenance process model

7.7.         Software maintenance cost

 

Unit 8: Software re-engineering (8)

8.1.         Steps in re-engineering

8.2.         Re-engineering process

8.3.         Software re-engineering process model

8.4.         Forward engineering

8.5.         Reverse engineering process

8.6.         Characteristic of reverse engineering

8.7.         Difference between reverse, forward and re-engineering

8.8.         Software reuse

Unit 9: Software Testing and quality assurance(4)

9.1          Software testing principle

9.2          Software testing approach

9.3          unit, integration and system testing

9.4          Software quality attributes and Quality factors

9.5          Software Quality control and Quality assurance

9.6          Software safety

9.7          The ISO 9000 model

9.8          SEI capability maturity model

9.9          Verification and validation

 


 

Unit 1: Introduction to Java          (3)

                1.1. Java as a Programming Platform

                1.3. The Java “White Paper” Buzzwords

                1.4. A Short History of Java

                1.5. Writing Simple Java Programs

Unit 2: Fundamental Programming Structures     (12)

                2.1. Writing Comments

                2.2. Basic Data Types

                2.3. Variables and Constants

                2.4. Operators

                2.5. Type Casting

                2.6. Control Flow

                2.7. Arrays

Unit 3: Objects and Classes          (10)

                3.1. An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

                3.2. Using Predefined Classes

                3.3. Defining Your Own Class

                3.4. Static Fields and Methods

                3.5. Method Parameters

                3.6. Object Construction

                3.7. Packages

Unit 4: Inheritance and Interfaces            (6)

                4.1. Classes, Super classes, and Subclasses

                4.2. Polymorphism

                4.3. Dynamic Binding

                4.4. Final Classes and Methods

                4.5. Abstract Classes

                4.6. Access Specifies

                4.7. Interfaces

 

Unit 5: Exception Handling and Multithreading   (3)

                5.1. Dealing With Errors

                5.2. Catching Exceptions

                5.3. try, catch, throw, throws, and finally

Unit 6: Input/output      (4)

                6.1. Input/output Basics

                6.2. Console Input and Output

                6.3.Reading and Writing Files

Unit 7: Event Handling and User Interface Components with Swing                            (6)

                7.1. Basics of Event Handling

                7.2. Event Classes

                7.3. Event Listeners and Adapter Classes

                7.4. Swing and the MVC Design Pattern

                7.5. Layout Management

                7.6. Basic Swing Components

Unit 8: Java Database Connectivity           (4)

                8.1. The Design of JDBC

                8.2. Executing SQL Statements

                8.3. Query Execution


 

Unit 1: Fundamentals of digital communications (5)

1.1.         Introduction to digital communications: Definitions of terms, Signal propagation, Signal types (Sine waves, Square waves), Signal parameters (Amplitude, Frequency, Phase).

1.2.         Channel effects on transmission: Attenuation, Effects of limited bandwidth, Delay distortion, Noise.

1.3.         Data rate limits in channels: Nyquist's theorem, Shannon's theorem.

1.4.         Performance of Channel: Bandwidth, Throughput, Latency, Jitter, Bit Error Rate (BER)

Practical Work

             Demonstrate Sine and Square waves generation and analysis using MATLAB

 

Unit 2: Physical layer characterization (12)

2.1          Electromagnetic Spectrum for Communication and Type of Propagation

2.2          Guided Transmission Media: Twisted pair cables, Co-axial cables, Fibre optic cables

2.3.         Unguided Transmission Media: Wireless media (Terrestrial Microwaves, Satellite Communication and Cellular System).

2.4.         Physical Layer Interfaces: RS 232 / EIA 232/ USB.

 

Practical Works:

             Physical demonstration and explanation of different transmission media and physical layer interfaces

Unit 3: Data transmission mechanisms    (20)

3.1.         Communication modes: Simplex, Half-duplex, Full –duplex.

3.2.         Transmission modes: Serial transmission, Parallel transmission.

3.3.         Synchronization: Asynchronous transmission, Synchronous transmission.

3.4.         Modulation Techniques: Types of Analog Modulation (Amplitude Modulation, Frequency Modulation and Phase Modulation), Digital Modulation [Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)]

3.5. Introduction to packet switching: Circuit switching vs. packet switching, Connection oriented services (Virtual circuits), Connectionless services (Datagram), X.25, Frame Relay and ATM.

3.6. Multiplexing: Frequency division multiplexing (FDM), Time division multiplexing (TDM), Wave division multiplexing (WDM).

3.7. Error control methods: Feedback error recovery (ARQ) (Eg: Based on parity check), Forward error correction (FEC) (Eg: CRC)

Practical Works:

             Demonstrate Analog Modulation Generation and Reconstruction using MATLAB

             Demonstrate Digital Modulation (ASK, FSK, PSK) Generation and Reconstruction using MATLAB

Unit 4: Network architectures                    (8)

4.1.         Introduction to computer networks.

4.2.         Network topologies: Bus, Star, Ring.

4.3.         Types of networks: Local area networks, Wide Area Networks, Personal Area Networks.

4.4.         Layered network model: OSI model, TCP/ IP model.

Practical Works

             Network wiring and LAN setup.

Unit 5:  Internet protocols (14)

5.1.         Introduction: History of the Internet protocols, Internet protocol stack, IP Addressing and Routing (Version 4), Subnetting: Fixed and variable length, Uni-cast routing algorithms.

5.2.         Transport Layer protocols: TCP and UDP.

5.3.         IP Support Protocols: ARP, DHCP and ICMP

5.4.         Application Layer Protocols: Domain Name System (DNS), Email – SMTP, POP, IMAP, FTP, HTTP, RTP and VoIP.

5.5.         IP version 6.

Practical Works:

             Setup of Web Server, DNS Server, DHCP Server

Unit 6: Local area networks (14)

6.1.         Introduction to LANs.

6.2.         Conventional LAN Architectures: Access Protocols (CSMA/CD, Token Passing), Interconnecting devices (Hubs, L2 /L3 Switch)

6.3.         IEEE 802 MAC layer standards : 802.3, 802.11, 802.15 Switched Ethernet variants: Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10Gb Ethernet.

6.4.         Wireless LANs (802.11): Access methods (CSMA/CA), Frequency Bands (ISM), Operating Modes (adhoc, Managed), Variants (802.11 a/ b/ g/ n), Wireless interconnection devices (Hub, Router).

6.5          Bluetooth (802.15) wireless personal area network.

Practical Works:

             Router Basic Configuration

             Static and Dynamic Routing

             Router access-list configuration

Unit 7: Practical aspects of networking   (7)

7.1.         Structured cabling and specifications: Standards CAT5, 5E, CAT6 etc..

7.2.         Network security: Firewalls and NAT, VLANs, VPNs, Proxy servers, Wireless security.

7.3.         User access technologies: Wired (xDSL, FTTH), Cellular

wireless (GPRS, EDGE, HSPDA), Broadband wireless (802.16)

Practical Works:

             Creating VLAN


 

Unit 1: Introduction to Curriculum            (5)

      1.1.      Curriculum as subject      

      1.2.      Curriculum as courses of study and syllabus

      1.3.      Curriculum as experiences

      1.4.      Curriculum as objectives

      1.5.      Curriculum as plan of learning.

Unit 2: Bases for Curricular Decision Making      (17)

2.1       Philosophical bases

      2.1.1    Philosophy and curriculum

      2.1.2    Idealism and curriculum.

      2.1.3    Naturalism and curriculum.

      2.1.4    Pragmatism and curriculum.

      2.1.5    Realism and curriculum

2.2       Society and culture

      2.2.1    Society, culture and curriculum

      2.2.2    Socio-cultural factors influencing curricular decisions

2.3       Nature of knowledge

  Knowledge as contents and process.

  Levels of contents

  Explosion and obsolescence of knowledge.

2.4       Nature of learner

  Need, interest and maturation level

  Learning needs of children with special needs.

Unit III: Curricular Components   (17)

3.1       Aims,  goals and objectives

     Concepts and relationship

     Types of objectives: general and specific

     Classification of objectives: cognitive, affective and psychomotor

3.2       Content: selection and organization

3.3       Teaching-learning experiences

     Criteria of selecting and organizing Learning Experiences

     Teacher initiated and learner initiated experiences

3.4       Evaluation /assessment of student learning

Unit 4: Process of Curriculum Development         (5)

4.1       Concept of Curriculum Development.

4.2       Steps of Curriculum Development.

4.3       School level Curriculum Development Process in Nepal.

Unit 5: Existing School Level Curriculum of Nepal (5)

5.1.      Level wise goals: Pre-Primary, Basic and Secondary

5.2.      Structure of curriculum of each level

5.3.      Components of subject-wise curriculum:

     Introduction

     Level wise competencies

     Grade wise learning outcomes

     Skills/ scope and sequence and elaboration of contents

     Facilitation Process for learning

     Assessment of student achievement

5.4. Review of school curriculum of Nepal


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